Physical Principles

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The four known states of water also apply to air conditioning system refrigerants.

Fig 1: Four States Of Water

Courtesy of VOLKSWAGEN GROUP OF AMERICA, INC.

Gaseous (invisible)
Vapor
Fluid
Solid

When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice.

Fig 2: Diagram Of Heat Absorption & Heat Emission

Courtesy of VOLKSWAGEN GROUP OF AMERICA, INC.

A - Heat absorption

B - Heat emission