New Generation of Familiar Systems: General

Nowadays, the dynamic handling systems are subdivided into three groups according to the co-ordinate axis that their function relates to.

Development continued over the years with the EDC II (E24) and EDC III (E31, E38 and E39) and ultimately the EDC-K ("K" stands for continuous) in the E65.

The E65 then became the first model to feature a new vertical dynamics system called ARS  Active Roll Stabilization, which was marketed as "Dynamic Drive".

The existing vertical dynamics systems are also complemented by the EHC  electronic ride-height control system which made its BMW debut on the E39 (air springs on 2 wheels) and E53 (air springs on all 4 wheels).

With the arrival of the E70 came an increasing level of system integration in the area of dynamic handling and for the first time a central control unit was used for the vertical dynamics systems which was called the VDM  Vertical Dynamics Management unit.

With the new VDC  Vertical Dynamics Control function, independent electronic damper control for each wheel was realized for the first time.

On the E70, and subsequently also on the E71, VDC was combined with ARS under the name of Adaptive Drive.

On the F01/F02, that constant development of the vertical dynamics systems has continued and the new generation of vertical dynamics management is referred to internally as VDC II.